Saturday, April 20, 2024

How the Brain Shapes Reality

How the Brain Shapes Reality
Indexed by Richard A. Hart, PhD
20 April 2024
How the Brain Shapes Reality, 60 min, 2024, by Andy Clark

 

This index was created to help me discuss this presentation in several settings. My short term memory is about nonfunctional but I refuse to "retire". Science and religion are dependent upon how humans evolve to view and understand the world. Your comments are welcome. What we sincerely believe is real to each regardless of what we experience or believe.

   

01  00:00  nail in foot 

A man screams in terrible pain on seeing that a nail penetrated his work boot. The nail went between his toes with no injury.


02  01:48  prediction machine 

His brain predicted that a nail through his boot would hurt bad therefore it did.


03  02:50  hollow mask

A clear face mask appears to face you when it does and when it does not even though you can see the difference. Your current observation cannot correct your strong expectation. 


04  06:40  sine-wave speech

An altered speech is played; then normal speech; and then the altered speech again. The first sample is not understandable; the second time it is played it is understandable. [Andy Clark has an accent. I had little problem on the second or third play of this presentation.] 


05  09:20  guessing machine

The brain is always trying to guess what will happen next.


06  09:44  modified prediction

Raw sensory information is never experienced: it is always modified.


07  11:20  predictive processing (PP)

How the brain balances predictions and sensory information.


08  12:18  books

Predictive processing or active inference and emotions.


09  14:45  predicting the present

This leaves the need to deal with residual errors.


10  15:00  prediction errors

Only these need further processing. 


11  17:00  1959 TV cartoons

Early TV signals only transmitted what changed between frames.


12  18:35  inside out

There is more wiring carrying information out than in.


13  18:40  energy budget

Most of the energy is spent maintaining the generative models that issue predictions. 


14  19:30  pression weighting

The brain estimates how much information to take from the model and from sensory experience.


15  25:50  high sensory

This is high in relation to model information, not high as a count.


16  26:27  autisim

High sensory information results in autistic behavior; seeks quiet places.


17  28:38  high predictions

This is high in relation to sensory information.


18  28:48  hallucinations 

High model information results in hallucinations.


19  30:15  alter sensory experience

Strong predictive models can alter sensory experience. 


20  30:30  self-confirming cycles

This can lead to self-confirming cycles.


21  31:07  experimental verification

Expectation creation,” real stimuli”, expectation-induced effects reported. 


22  33:32  chronic pain

Is poorly related to a cause.


23  36:39  idiosyncratic predictive

This gets related to more “causes” with more time.


24  38:01  install different predictions

The good news is to install different predictions.


25  38:17  placebos

Surgery, athletes, and “honest” placebos.


26  40:36  pain reprocessing theory (PRT)

With the ChronicPain Cycle the prediction becomes the problem.


27  44:48  psychosomatic (FND)

Functional neurological disorder with no cause 16%.


28  45:18 sensorimotor aspects

Unexplained cases of fatigue, weakness, and tremor.


29  45:45  loss of vision

Full recovery (as happens in high quality memory care).


30  48:43  mind/body one

The mind and body dualism model creates a false divide between psychiatry and neurology. 


31  49:45  hack predictive brains

Using virtual reality (VR) to alter precision-weightings and seed alternative predictions.


32  50:34  verbal reframing

Providing alternative views in a non-threating environment.


33  51:13  meditation

A powerful way of gaining control over the precision-weight aspect of our prediction machinery.


34  52:33  large differences between individuals

This suggest genetic differences.


35  55:58  predictive processing (PP) evolving into a scientific theory

Associating the big picture with specific implementation commitments makes things testable.


36  56:37  the relationship between conscious and unconscious predictions

No one knows.


37  57:04  the interplay between predictive brains and human-built worlds

Material culture and its influence on the predictive brain.


38  57:37  predictive brains will share the world with AI forms of predictive intelligence

This new environment will select for a reshaped species in the future.


39  58:04  why and how conscious experience is possible 

Books.


40  58:50  a small set of factors combine to yield a striking range of differences in experiences

(Predictions, precisions, and prediction errors} as in chemistry (the periodic table of the elements) and evolution (DNA).

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