Fourth Cell Organelle Found

  UCYN-A the Fourth Cell Organelle Found

https://newscenter.lbl.gov/2024/04/17/scientists-discover-first-nitrogen-fixing-organelle

Indexed by Richard A. Hart, PhD

1 May 2024

       

Organelles as they appeared over billions of years.

Blue, nucleus, by cell wall folding, 2 Billion years ago.

Green, mitochondria, a bacterium, 1B, energy as ATP.

Lilac, chloroplast, a cyanobacteria, 1B, photosynthesis. 

Cyan, nitroplast, 100 million years ago and reported just two weeks ago. Changes nitrogen in the air to ammonia that plants can use. Nitrogen fertilizer costs about $100 per acre for corn and soybeans about half that amount. 

Microscopic view of Braarudosphaera bigelowii

  Four Organelles and Flagella     Black arrow is pointing to nitroplast  (Credit: Tyler Coale)

 

Google the above site and view three stages of the algal cell in division.

 

1.     “UCYN-A relies on proteins from its host cells.”

 

2.     the process of replication and division of the algal host and endosymbiont is synchronized, which provided the first strong evidence” it was an organelle.

 

3.     “round half of the proteins in UCYN-A are made by the algal host cell, then labeled with a specific amino acid sequence, which tells the cell to send them to the nitroplast.”

 

4.     “That’s one of the hallmarks of something moving (changing) from an endosymbiont to an organelle,” said Zehr. “They start throwing away pieces of DNA, and their genomes get smaller and smaller, and they start depending on the mother cell for those gene products – or the protein itself – to be transported into the cell (organelle).”

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiogenesis,   human mitochondrial genome. 

[Google: Jesus in the Nano World. Click on Outlines. Click on this page.]